常见的职业有哪些英文单词
船长captain、园丁gardener、接线员operator、清洁工 dustman 会计accountant、售票员conductor、司机 driver、电工electrician天文学家astronomer、打......
n. 队长，首领；船长；
小学900词汇词源解析（轻松扩词一万顺便学拉丁语）第十一课
特别提醒：我们的最终目标是帮助孩子利用英语学习数理化，考入理想的大学。重点冲刺科大少年班（基本条件：16周岁前参加高考）和国外著名大学。
请家长朋友牢记：现代英语60%以上的单词有拉丁语和希腊语根源。在科学上，90%以上的单词源自拉丁语和希腊语。
从根本上说，真正解决英语、法语、德语、意大利语、西班牙语单词问题的最基本任务是认识几百个拉丁语和希腊语的常用构词部件（相当于汉语中的偏旁部首）。
请家长朋友一定要让孩子尽量多听母语者的发音，特别是母语者演唱的歌曲。
想通过英语学习科技知识，越早认识希腊字母越好。
在继续本课程之前，请先阅读《小学生同步玩转英语拉丁语希腊语发音》。
特别提醒：本教程在电脑大屏幕上观看效果最佳。
这一节，我们学习第十一组单词：
【英语】sǐster [ˈsɪstə(r)]n.1. （同胞）姐妹
She is my sǐster.她是我的妹妹。
2. （与说话者）亲如姐妹的
We are sǐster.我们是姐妹。
3. 对护士或护士长的称呼
4. 对修女或女教士称呼
adj. （女人或被视为阴xìng的事 物）如姐妹一般的；同类的；同样款式的
sǐster fruits同类果实
拆解：sǐ+ster（名词后缀）。
请家长朋友大概了解词源：
From Middle English sǐster, suster, from Old English swustor, sweoster, sweostor (“sǐster, nun”); from Proto-Germanic *swestēr (“sǐster”), from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sǐster”). Possǐbly from *su-h₁ésh₂-ōr, from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”), literally “woman of one&39;s) clock有摆的落地大座钟
拆解：grand+father。
【英语】grandmother [ˈɡrændmʌðə(r)]n. 祖母；外祖母
拆解：grand+mother。
【英语】grand[ɡrænd]adj.1. 雄伟的, 壮丽的, 堂皇的, 宏大的, 盛大的2. 显赫的, 高贵的3. (最)重大的; 主要的; 最高的4. 自负的, 傲慢的5. [kǒu]完美的6. 总计的, 全部的7. 【音】大合奏用的8. (亲属关系中的)(外)祖...; (外)孙...
a grand air堂皇的气派, 堂堂仪表
a grand view壮丽的景色
grand entrance大门
grand people达官贵人
the grand total总计
the grand slam[美俚](桥牌等)满贯; (运动比赛)全胜; (棒球)满垒打
n.1. (=grandpiano)大钢琴
2. [美俚][单复同]一千元(钞票)
继承用法:
grandaunt [ˋɡrændɑːnt;-ænt]n. 叔[伯]祖母; 姑[舅、姨]婆
grandbaby [ˋɡrændˏbeɪbɪ]n. 小孙子[女]
grandchild [ˈɡrændtʃaɪld]n. (pl. grandchildren)(外)孙子[女]
grand-dad n. [kǒu](外)祖父grand-daddy n. (=grandfather)(外)祖父
grand-daughter n.1. (外)孙女2. 第三代子核; 孙体
grandducal adj. 大公的, 大公国的
grand-ma,-ma(m)ma n. [kǒu](外)祖母
grandmaster n.1. 大师 (最高棋手等的称号)
2. 在任何方面有特殊成就的人
grandnephew [ˋɡrændˏnevjuː;-ˏnefjuː]
n. 侄(外)孙
grandniece [ˋɡrændniːs]n. 侄(外)孙女-pa, -papan. [kǒu]爷爷, 外公n. (外)祖父(母)n. [古]祖父[先]; 老人n. (外)孙子n. 伯[叔]祖父, 外叔[伯]祖父n.adv.
词源：From Middle English grand, grond, graund, graunt, from Anglo-Norman graunt, from Old French grant, from Latin grandis. Doublet of grande and grandee.
【法语】grand（国际音标/ɡʁɑ̃/, (followed by vowel or h muet) /ɡʁɑ̃.t‿/）grand, e a.大的
【拉丁语】grandis：grandis, grandis, grande adj. full-grown, grown up; large, great, grand, tall, lofty; powerful; aged, old;
拆解：gr+andis。
大概了解：这里的gr-是ger-的零级形式，也就是元音E脱落了。
词源：From Proto-Italic *grandis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, to grind”).
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big in sǐze, coarse, coarse grained”), from where English great, Scots great (“coarse in grain or texture, thick, great”), West Frisǐan grut (“large, great”), Dutch groot (“large, stour”), German groß (“large”), Albanian ngre (“I lift, hee, stand, elevate”).
在这些语言中，基本上都有gr-，这是记忆的重点。
【英语】great[ɡreit]adj.1. (巨)大的2. 伟[重, 盛]大的; 主要的3. (字母)大 写的4. 不寻常的; 极大[度]的5. 很多的, 充足的6. [kǒu]了不起的, 绝妙的, 非常愉快的7. 高贵的, 地位高的8. jīng通的, 擅长的
9. 真正的, 名符其实的
10. [用在由 grand 构成的表示亲属关系的复合词前, 表示更高一辈的亲属关系]曾祖(或孙)的, 外曾祖(或孙)的(如:great-grand-mother 曾祖母; 外曾祖母, great-grandson 曾孙, 外曾孙)
a great mountain一座大山
a great occasǐon盛大的集会
the Great Wall of China中国万里长城
Mozart was a great musǐcian.莫扎特是伟大的音乐家。
She is a great friend of mine.她是我很要好的朋友。
What a great idea!多棒的主意!
拆解：gr+eat。
相信到这里，您已经明白：grand（拉丁语源）和great（日耳曼语源）都只要重点记忆gr-就可以了。
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【英语】who[huː]pron. (宾格whom; 所有格whose)1. [疑问代词]谁; 哪位2. [连接代词]谁3. [限制xìng的关系代词]...的人4. [非限制xìng的关系代词]他[她]; 他[她]们5. [古][省略先行词的关系代词]...的人
W-is that?那是谁?
He is a man who is of value to the people.他是一个有益于人民的人。
Whom did you see?
你看见谁了?
That&39;d got only a few minutes to spend with her.
他只有几分钟的时间同她在一起。
2. 某人，任何人
Everyone should do what he consǐders best.
人人都应做他认为最好的事。
3. 它（指雄xìng动物）
Is your dog a he? 你的gǒu是公的吗？
Is your dog a he or a she? 你的gǒu是雄的还是雌的?
词源：From Middle English he, from Old English hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).
请家长朋友大概了解：古英语的hē读(/xeː/, [heː])，其中的ē是长元音，读[e:]，对应古典拉丁语的ē。
在现代英语中，元音字母e的字母音（也就是长元音）变化为读[i:]，对应拉丁语的长元音ī，汉语拼音的i。
【英语】she[ʃɪː ,ʃɪ]n. 她
词源：From Middle English sche, scho, hyo, ȝho (“she”), whence also Scots she, sho.
Probably from Old English hēo (whence dialectal English hoo), with an irregular change in stress from hēo to heō /hjoː/, then a development from /hj-/ to /ç/ to /ʃ-/,[3][4] sǐmilar to the derivation of Shetland from Old Norse Hjaltland. In this case, she is from Proto-West Germanic *hiju, from Proto-Germanic *hijō f (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this, here”), and is cognate with Saterland Frisǐan jo, ju, West Frisǐan hja, North Frisǐan jü, Danish hun, Swedish hon; more at he.
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【英语】classmate[ˈklɑːsmeɪt]n. 同学；同班同学
拆解：class+mate。
【英语】class[klɑːs]n. 班级; 社会等级; 阶级; 部分, 部门; 也包括处理数据过程的数据结构 (计算机用语)v. 分类
词源：From Middle French classe, from Latin classǐs (“a class or divisǐon of the people, assembly of people, the whole body of citizens called to arms, the army, the fleet, later a class or divisǐon in general”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”). Doublet of clas and classǐs.
相信您已经看出来：英语的class实际就是拉丁语的classǐs去掉结尾的-is。
【拉丁语】classǐs：classǐs, classǐs n. f. class/divisǐon of Romans; grade (pupils); levy/draft; fleet/ny; group/band;
拆解：cla+s+sǐs。
词源：From Proto-Italic *klāssǐs, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”). Cognate with Latin calō, clāmō, clārus, concilium, Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō).
拉丁语的cla-和cal-，希腊语的καλ-最终都源自PIE（原始印欧语）*kelh₁- (“to call, shout”)。
【英语】classǐc[&39;s mate电工助手
Where is the mate to this glove?这副手套的另一只在哪儿?
Where are you going, mate ?老兄, 你去哪儿?
词源：From Middle English mate, a borrowing from Middle Low German mate (“messmate”) (replacing Middle English mette (“table companion, mate, partner”), from Old English ġemetta (“sharer of food, table-guest”)), derived from Proto-Germanic *gamatjô, itself from *ga- (“together”) (related to German and Dutch ge-) + *matjô (from *matiz (“food”)), related to Old English mete (“food”)). From the same Middle Low German source stems German Low German Maat (“journeyman, companion”), German Maat (“nal non-commissǐoned officer”). Cognates include Saterland Frisǐan Moat (“friend, buddy, comrade, mate”), Dutch maat (“mate, partner, colleague, friend”). More at Old English ġe-, English co-, English meat. Doublet of maat.
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【英语】friend [frend]n. 朋友, 赞助者, 支持者
拆解：frie+nd（源自原始日耳曼语的现在分词后缀）。
词源：From Middle English frend, freend, from Old English frēond (“friend”, literally “loving[-one], lover”), from Proto-West Germanic *friund, from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz (“lover, friend”), from Proto-Indo-European *preyH- (“to like, love”), equivalent to free + -nd.
Cognate with Saterland Frisǐan Fjund, Früünd (“friend”), West Frisǐan freon, froen, freondinne (“friend”), Dutch vriend (“friend”), Low German Frund, Fründ (“friend, relative”), Luxembourgish Frënd (“friend”), German Freund (“friend”), Danish frænde (“kinsman”), Swedish frände (“kinsman, relative”), Icelandic frændi (“kinsman”), Gothic (frijōnds, “friend”). More at free.
Other cognates include Russǐan приятель (prijatelʹ, “friend”) and Sanskrit प्रिय (priyá-, “beloved”).
【德语】Freund（国际音标/frɔʏ̯nt/, [fʁɔʏ̯nt]） [der] （男xìng的）朋友。男朋友。
拆解：freu+nd。
注：德语词尾的b、d、g通常会清化为p、t、k。
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【英语】woman [ˈwumən]n. (pl. women [ˈwimin])女人, 妇人
重点注意：这里的wo-读[wu]，接近汉语中的“乌wu”。
拆解：wo+man（男人）。
这里的wo-源自wife（妻子）。
词源：From Middle English womman, wimman, wifman, from Old English wīfmann (“woman”, literally “female person”), a compound of wīf (“woman, female”, whence English wife) + mann (“person, human being”, whence English man). For details on the pronunciation and spelling history, see the usage notes below.
Cognate with Scots woman, weman (“woman”), Saterland Frisǐan Wieuwmoanske (“female person, female human, woman”). sǐmilar constructions can be found in West Frisǐan frommes (“woman, girl”) (from frou and minske, literally &34;).
A few alternative spellings (see below) respell the term so as not to contain man.
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【英语】girl [ɡəːl]n.1. 女孩, 姑niáng, 未婚女子2. 女儿3. 女仆, 保姆4. (商店的)女工作人员
请家长朋友特别注意：英语单词中的ir是一个固定组合，绝对不可以再拆解。
建议把girl和bird（鸟），birth（出生），first（第一），third（第三），shirt（衬衫），skirt（裙子），whirl（急转），swirl（打旋）放在一起比较记忆。
词源：From Middle English gerle, girle, gyrle (“young person of any gender”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Old English *gyrle, *gyrele, from Proto-Germanic *gurwilaz, a diminutive form of Proto-Germanic *gurwijaz (compare North Frisǐan gör (“girl”), Low German Gör, Göre (“child of any gender”), German Göre (“young child”), dialectal Norwegian gorre, dialectal Swedish garre, gurre (“small child”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“short”)[1] (compare Old Irish gair (“short”), Ancient Greek χρεώ (khreṓ, “need, necessǐty”), χρήσθαι (khrḗsthai, “to need”), Sanskrit ह्रस्व (hrasva, “short, small”)).
【德语】From Middle English gerle, girle, gyrle (“young person of any gender”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Old English *gyrle, *gyrele, from Proto-Germanic *gurwilaz, a diminutive form of Proto-Germanic *gurwijaz (compare North Frisǐan gör (“girl”), Low German Gör, Göre (“child of any gender”), German Göre (“young child”), dialectal Norwegian gorre, dialectal Swedish garre, gurre (“small child”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“short”) (compare Old Irish gair (“short”), Ancient Greek χρεώ (khreṓ, “need, necessǐty”), χρήσθαι (khrḗsthai, “to need”), Sanskrit ह्रस्व (hrasva, “short, small”)).
【德语】Gör [das] 小羚羊。小山羊皮。（肮脏/下流/淘气的）小孩。（调皮捣蛋的）小女孩。
标签： 常见的职业有哪些英文单词(小学900词汇词源解析（轻松扩词一万顺便学拉丁语）第十一课)